Contents: Kinematics and introduction to kinetics -- Kinetics: considering rotatory and translatory -- Materials used in human joints -- General properties of connective tissue -- Human joint design -- Joint function -- Changes with age, disease, injury, immobilization and exercise -- Elements of muscle structure -- Muscle function -- Effects of immobilization, injury, and aging -- Patient case -- General structure and function -- Regional structure and function -- Muscles of the vertebral column -- Effects of aging -- General structure and function -- Rib cage -- Muscles associated with the rib cage -- Coordination and integration of ventilatory motions -- Developmental aspects of structure and function -- Pathological changes in structure and function -- General functions -- Structure -- Function -- Dysfunctions -- Patient case -- Components of the shoulder complex -- Integrated function of the shoulder complex -- Patient case -- Structure: elbow joint (humeroulnar and humeroradial articulations) -- Function: elbow joint (humeroulnar and humeroradial articulations) -- Structure: radioulnar joints (superior and inferior articulations) -- Function: radioulnar joints -- Mobility and stability: elbow complex -- Effects of age and injury -- The wrist complex -- The hand complex -- Prehension -- Functional position of the wrist and hand -- Structure of the hip joint -- Function of the hip joint -- Hip joint forces and muscle function in stance -- Hip joint pathology -- Definitions of motions -- Ankle joint -- The subtalar joint -- Transverse tarsal joint -- Tarsometatarsal joints -- Metatarsophalangeal joints -- Interphalangeal joints -- Plantar arches -- Muscles of the ankle and foot -- Deviations from normal structure and function -- Static and dynamic posture -- Kinetics and kinematics of posture -- Analysis of standing posture -- Analysis of sitting postures -- Analysis of lying postures -- Effects of age, pregnancy,occupation, and recreation on posture -- General features -- Patient case -- Gait initiation -- Kinematics -- Kinetics -- Kinematics and kinetics of the trunk and upper extremities -- Stair and running gaits -- Effects of age, gender, assistive devices, orthoses -- Abnormal gait.
Structural abnormalities of the SI joint may also cause dysfunction. Individuals with altered gait patterns, spinal deformities or leg-length discrepancies can have reduced interlocking ability leading to laxity and pain. This equates to repetitive and uneven stress to the SI joint articular surfaces, causing laxity and pain.
Joint Structure And Function By Cynthia Norkin.pdf
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Stability of the scapula on the thorax is provided by the structures that maintain integrity of the linked AC and SC joints. The muscles that attach to both the thorax and scapula maintain contact between these surfaces while producing the movements of the scapula. In addition, stabilization is provided through the ST musculature by pulling or compressing the scapula to the thorax.[6] [1]The ultimate functions of scapular motion are to orient the glenoid fossa for optimal contact with the maneuvering arm, to add range to elevation of the arm, and to provide a stable base for the controlled motions between the humeral head and glenoid fossa. The scapula, with its associated muscles and linkages, per-forms these mobility and stability functions so well that it serves as a premier example of dynamic stabilization in the human body.[1]
A Web browser provides a uniform user interface to different types of information. Making this interface universally accessible and more interactive is a long-term goal still far from being achieved. Universally accessible browsers require novel interaction modalities and additional functionalities, for which existing browsers tend to provide only partial solutions. Although functionality for Web accessibility can be found as open source and free software components, their reuse and integration is complex because they were developed in diverse implementation environments, following standards and conventions incompatible with the Web. To address these problems, we have started several activities that aim at exploiting the potential of open-source software for Web accessibility. The first of these activities is the development of Adaptable Multi-Interface COmmunicator (AMICO):WEB, an infrastructure that facilitates efficient reuse and integration of open source software components into the Web environment. The main contribution of AMICO:WEB is in enabling the syntactic and semantic interoperability between Web extension mechanisms and a variety of integration mechanisms used by open source and free software components. Its design is based on our experiences in solving practical problems where we have used open source components to improve accessibility of rich media Web applications. The second of our activities involves improving education, where we have used our platform to teach students how to build advanced accessibility solutions from diverse open-source software. We are also partially involved in the recently started Eclipse projects called Accessibility Tools Framework (ACTF), the aim of which is development of extensible infrastructure, upon which developers can build a variety of utilities that help to evaluate and enhance the accessibility of applications and content for people with disabilities. In this article we briefly report on these activities.
High-resolution topography data acquired with lidar (light detection and ranging) technology are revolutionizing the way we study the Earth's surface and overlying vegetation. These data, collected from airborne, tripod, or mobile-mounted scanners have emerged as a fundamental tool for research on topics ranging from earthquake hazards to hillslope processes. Lidar data provide a digital representation of the earth's surface at a resolution sufficient to appropriately capture the processes that contribute to landscape evolution. The U.S. National Science Foundation-funded OpenTopography Facility ( ) is a web-based system designed to democratize access to earth science-oriented lidar topography data. OpenTopography provides free, online access to lidar data in a number of forms, including the raw point cloud and associated geospatial-processing tools for customized analysis. The point cloud data are co-located with on-demand processing tools to generate digital elevation models, and derived products and visualizations which allow users to quickly access data in a format appropriate for their scientific application. The OpenTopography system is built using a service-oriented architecture (SOA) that leverages cyberinfrastructure resources at the San Diego Supercomputer Center at the University of California San Diego to allow users, regardless of expertise level, to access these massive lidar datasets and derived products for use in research and teaching. OpenTopography hosts over 500 billion lidar returns covering 85,000 km2. These data are all in the public domain and are provided by a variety of partners under joint agreements and memoranda of understanding with OpenTopography. Partners include national facilities such as the NSF-funded National Center for Airborne Lidar Mapping (NCALM), as well as non-governmental organizations and local, state, and federal agencies. OpenTopography has become a hub for high-resolution topography
The National Geothermal Data System's (NGDS - www.geothermaldata.org) formal launch in April, 2014 will provide open access to millions of data records, sharing -relevant geoscience and longer term to land use data to propel geothermal development and production. NGDS serves information from all of the U.S. Department of Energy's sponsored development and research projects and geologic data from all 50 states, using free and open source software. This interactive online system is opening new exploration opportunities and potentially shortening project development by making data easily discoverable, accessible, and interoperable. We continue to populate our prototype functional data system with multiple data nodes and nationwide data online and available to the public. Data from state geological surveys and partners includes more than 6 million records online, including 1.72 million well headers (oil and gas, water, geothermal), 670,000 well logs, and 497,000 borehole temperatures and is growing rapidly. There are over 312 interoperable Web services and another 106 WMS (Web Map Services) registered in the system as of January, 2014. Companion projects run by Southern Methodist University and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) are adding millions of additional data records. The DOE Geothermal Data Repository, currently hosted on OpenEI, is a system node and clearinghouse for data from hundreds of U.S. DOE-funded geothermal projects. NGDS is built on the US Geoscience Information Network (USGIN) data integration framework, which is a joint undertaking of the USGS and the Association of American State Geologists (AASG). NGDS complies with the White House Executive Order of May 2013, requiring all federal agencies to make their data holdings publicly accessible online in open source, interoperable formats with common core and extensible metadata. The National Geothermal Data System is being designed, built, deployed, and populated primarily with support from the US
The National Geothermal Data System's (NGDS - www.geothermaldata.org) formal launch in 2014 will provide open access to millions of datasets, sharing technical geothermal-relevant data across the geosciences to propel geothermal development and production. With information from all of the Department of Energy's sponsored development and research projects and geologic data from all 50 states, this free, interactive tool is opening new exploration opportunities and shortening project development by making data easily discoverable and accessible. We continue to populate our prototype functional data system with multiple data nodes and nationwide data online and available to the public. Data from state geological surveys and partners includes more than 5 million records online, including 1.48 million well headers (oil and gas, water, geothermal), 732,000 well logs, and 314,000 borehole temperatures and is growing rapidly. There are over 250 Web services and another 138 WMS (Web Map Services) registered in the system as of August, 2013. Companion projects run by Boise State University, Southern Methodist University, and USGS are adding millions of additional data records. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is managing the Geothermal Data Repository which will serve as a system node and clearinghouse for data from hundreds of DOE-funded geothermal projects. NGDS is built on the US Geoscience Information Network data integration framework, which is a joint undertaking of the USGS and the Association of American State Geologists (AASG). NGDS is fully compliant with the White House Executive Order of May 2013, requiring all federal agencies to make their data holdings publicly accessible online in open source, interoperable formats with common core and extensible metadata. The National Geothermal Data System is being designed, built, deployed, and populated primarily with grants from the US Department of Energy, Geothermal Technologies Office. To keep this operational 2ff7e9595c
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